History - The latest facts about Old Europeen Martial Art
Here at this page, we will share all the latest knowledge about the Anciant Martial Art of Europe. It is after all, an historical art we are training, and many of our members train it, because they also love history. Here all of those, that like facts from history, can read about the latest discoverys within the Art.
New Knowledge about the Tower Fechtbuch - From Grand Master Georg Laska - Germany
From our good friend Gerog Laska, Grand Master of TAMA Germany, and President of the IBSF, and Grand Master of Jukate Ryu Karate, we got this very intreasting article about Tower Fechtbuch. Here new facts are brought to life. Maybe most facts about the manuscript is to be found here, - Parts of the text, was written i German.
History behind the I.33.
The manuscript consists of a total of 32 parchment leaves on both sides described with colored ink drawings. The illustrations show two armored show combatants that fight and what techniques are explained by the (mostly Latin) text. It is widely believed that as representing sacerdos (ie priest) with monastic tonsure depicted fighters the author in writing. The other fighters, known as Scolari is apparently the client / student (also discipulus, iuvenis, clientulum) is taught by the clergy. This is evident from the fact that the clergy in the pictures probably from pedagogical and educational reasons, often "lose" the fight.
The importance of the techniques illustrated in Figure I.33 is controversial. Many professionals tend to believe that the fencing is not shown more militarily useful knightly-bourgeois exercise. Practical fencers, however, points out that many techniques - such as the 13th Century, already in the Knights jousting forbidden stitch - potentially lethal and thought thus more likely to fight to the death [3] allows also the fencing system fast counter attacks, which allows the idea that it is not just a "sport", but a. effective self defense system is. In other manuscripts from the 13th and 14 Century there are also illustrations on which (armored and unarmored), the warriors also carry Buckler. [4]
Fencing style to I.33 [edit] The fencing system of the I.33 consists mainly of the seven specified "Huten" (custodia), the Versatzungen (obsessiones) and attacks (invasiones). In addition, many hat or Versatzungen also be used as an attack. The seven hat are divided as follows:
Sub broke, "under his arm," the one hat Humero dextrali; "right shoulder", the 2 hat Humero sinistro, "left shoulder", the 3 hat Capiti; "main", the 4 hat Dextro latere, "right side", the 5 hat Pectori, "breast", the 6 hat Langort; "extended tip", the 7 hat There are also ordinary hat, but are mentioned only in passing: The vidilpoge (NHG fiddle-bow) and the "special Langort".
The next set of techniques that are Versatzungen, according to the text as a counter to the positions Huten understood that you would like to defend or attack:
Halpschilt; "half plate" Krucke; "crutch" Langort, functions both as a hat as well as displacing Protections, "Protect" Valde bona; modified 5 hat Valde aliena, a modified "fiddle-bow" Walpurgis The opponent can e.g. by applying the following attacks can be defeated or forced to give up:
Schiltschlac, "Shield Slam" Nucken Stichschlach, "stinging" Rings (melee) The end of the fight [edit] The primary objective of the fighter is to disarm the enemy, killing or forcing him to surrender. The following diagram is generally used here, depending on which hat the enemy and they will put themselves adopted, ie, striding from a safe distance to the opponent and one of the oe Versatzungen is executed. The Versatzung (a kind of "uncomfortable" and "unfavorable" position to the opponent) serves primarily to protect itself and makes it difficult for opponents to run a counter-reaction. As a countermeasure, the offset is recommended to bind. After a successful bond may apply at any one of the fighter attacks (invasiones). When moving the opponent is a cut or puncture is recommended to apply if the opponents to tie it fails [5] Ex. If the opponents' Langort "is, can proceed to the fighters to put his opponent with" protection ", ie a negative position to the bond force, and if it fails to immediately execute a bond to the quick.
A special feature of the I.33 - combat system is thus the absence of the parrying classic in itself. The only foreseen by this combat system blade contact is the binding of the two blades mostly flat with her side. Hard blows with the sword on the weapons of the enemy, or the direct defenses of the bat with its own cutting along the lines of the rapier or sword are virtually non-existent.
The approximate dating of the manuscript and the illustrations themselves also allow conclusions about the weapons used. Between 1270 and 1340, a certain degree of popularity of the type XIV at the Oakeshott classification are used, which is expressed by numerous illustrations and other artistic representations (see: Ewart Oakeshott, The Sword in the Age of Chivalry). Such a sword usually has a blade length of 70 cm, a weight of approximately 1.1 - 1.2 kg and the balance point between 9 and 11 cm. According to modern practitioners, it is a weapon to run very quickly and accurately without a significant decrease in stroke properties at the same time pronounced Stichlastigkeit. Fencing with sword and buckler would hereby like to have been highly developed and refined as the Asian martial arts in existence today. As the figures show the I.33 a sword weapon with a straight crossguard, which is of the type of blade ago somewhere between type XII and XIV, one can generally assume that the above two Both types were used for fencing for this purpose if they had the appropriate physical characteristics.
Historical significance [edit] The manuscript I.33 an unprecedented source of medieval culture and martial arts fighting is because it has no direct relationship with the German or Italian sword fencing school. Yet there were many parallels to the battle-technical teaching fencing Johann Liechtenauer, although this only half a century later lived and worked. Many of the 15 fencing champion Century also used the sword and buckler, but in a form adapted to the Liechtenauer nomenclature.
The sword-and-buckler fencing must not be equated with the sign of the fight earlier times, such as the fighting style of the early Middle Ages. Although the fencing detectable with the Fausschild already in the high Middle Ages, the fight with the big round shield (which is associated primarily with the Vikings) a very different other techniques. In addition, the buckler was popular in those days, when the shield as a protection tool because of the increasing emergence of plate elements in the ring tanks pushed into the background. One of the clearest differences between Buckler and Buckler: The buckler is not the direct defense of the opponent's attacks, but to protect the sword hand. It is waged almost exclusively with the sword blade.
I.33 This also refutes the long-lasting modern prejudice that says that the high and late medieval fighters are said to have fought without any system. The sources of the 12th - 14 Century [6] show an extensive use of the thumb plate and the presence of the umbrella-maister (defending champion), which the task had held the young fighter to train. [7] This is the source location makes in connection with the manuscript I.33 clear that even before the time of the long sword, advanced combat systems with the usual weapons were present at that time. Since the I.33-fencing system is the primary source explicitly referred to as "chivalrous art" and fencing with the sword and buckler until the 16th century has changed little battle technically you can go out on a long and continuous tradition of this mode of fighting. In consideration of the sources of the 14th Century (I.33 and Hanko Doebringers fencing book written in 1389) is the theory of chaotic fighting of the European knight and the "invention" of the ornate fencing only in connection with the rapier is no longer tenable.
Ultimately, the manuscript I.33, the only primary source which gives a direct information on the fighting style of the high and late medieval Central European knight from before Liechtenauer and John Fiore dei Liberi. For the long sword and the associated fencing schools already experienced their real heyday in the Renaissance (15th - 16th century)